Medical Advances Essay - 1131 Words

Medical Advances Besides the computer revolution, medical advances have caused tension between faith and reason. The medical advances of the Twentieth Century have many beneficial effects for humanity. Diseases that used to be dangerous or life threatening, like mumps, measles, and whooping cough, are no longer worries in todays medical world. Tetanus, typhoid, and the bubonic plaque can now be treated with antibiotics or other medicines. Vaccines, especially the polio vaccine, freed many people from the effects of a disease. Advances in heart surgery and organ transplants have saved many lives. Anesthetics and painkillers have been made to reduce or eliminate pain during surgery or a painful disease. Advances in cancer and AIDS have†¦show more content†¦This will tremendously benefit farmers who raise livestock, and cloning of the superior animals will also make the food supply healthier and larger in this growing world. Other advances in medical technology deal with the preborn and postbor n babies and prolonging life techniques. Prenatal technology and obstetrics have allowed babies to be born as early as twenty-two weeks after conception. Life support systems have helped to prolong lives and have even supported people in comas who have woken up after many years. However, these medical advances have been questioned as to whether they really are advance. Many of these new medical techniques conflict with peoples faith in medical ethics and with their religious beliefs, especially Catholicism. A debate about the extent to which humans are allowed to play God to destroy, alter, or create life forms has risen. Most of the new controversial medical procedures have become accepteed in this impersonal, technological world, but many people do not believe these procedures are really progress. Many people believe that Church should be the driving force in the fight against AIDS. Robert K. Gray in Some Diseases Are Less Equal Than Others: The War Against AIDS (1990) states tha t the pulpit of the Catholic Church is the mightiest of weapons against the spreading of AIDS and against the hate that evolves for AIDS victims.(6) However, most people who have AIDS were contaminated by sinningShow MoreRelatedPharmacological And Medical Technology Advances1510 Words   |  7 Pagesevery day. Pharmacological and medical technology advances have prolonged life through the development of life sustaining therapies such as antibiotics, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), mechanical ventilation, feeding tubes and hemodialysis (HD). While prolonging life, it has also raised the question of quality of life and thus the need for end of life planning by individuals. Unfortunately, laws have been unable to keep pace with medical advances. There have been several well publicizedRead MoreAnimal Research And Medical Advances1187 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal research has played a prominent role in scientific and medical advances for many years. Due to the development of new medicines and treatments, people throughout the world enjoy a better quality of life. However, scientific and medical use of animals have been a subject of heated debate for many years. Those who support animal research and experimentation justify their stance based on the medical advances that improve hum an lives. Research is one of many purposes that humans use animals forRead MoreMedical Advances Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesHealthcare science advances are imperative in keeping human beings alive on a regular daily existence. Over the course of 20 years, there has been a substantial increment in these medical advances to diminish the chances of disease. There are three vital and significant advances that have occurred over the course of recent decades, to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), diabetes and cancer treatment vaccines. These advances have had a positive impact in developed countries throughout the recentRead MoreAdvances in Medical Technology Essay2175 Words   |  9 PagesAdvances in Medical Technology Over the course of many centuries, medical technology has developed to a great extent. Studies show that recent equipment has evolved more in the last ten to twenty years than in the past thousand years. Before human time, people learned to treat themselves by just using natural substances. Now-a-days, our hi-tech systems in the medical field have been created for the most effective tools for a high level of patient care. While they advance the tools, it will thenRead MoreEssay Advances in Medical Technology1014 Words   |  5 Pages2008 Advances in Medical Technology Medical Technology has developed to a great extent over the course of many centuries. Since the days of Hippocrates, considered the â€Å"Father of Medicine†, advances in the medical field have brought us into a brave new world. With the advent and application of modern technology, the medical field seems to have evolved more in the last 10-20 yrs than in the previous 1000 years. Recently, new ground has been broken throughout the field, involving medical techniquesRead MoreTechnology And The Medical Field Advances875 Words   |  4 Pages Technology has been advancing throughout history. People life has changed. Most of the people now have longer lifespan than before. As technology advances, the medical field advances accordingly. With these advances, people can survive from deadly disease. For example, chickenpox was deadly before a vaccine was found. With modern medicine, many diseases became curable. However, DNA mutations diseases where it survive and passed through our DNA to many generation can be difficult to cure and trackedRead MoreMedical Advances During American History1195 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Advances in American History Medicine has been used since ancient times, but it has greatly developed through the centuries. Today, people have doctors, nurses, surgeons, therapists, and many other individuals in the health field. Society’s definition of a healthy lifestyle, and the way people live, has greatly changed, and it has given most people a new perspective on society s health. Before medications and doctors, people often died, or had no way to recover from illnesses and diseaseRead MoreMedical Advances Throughout History And History1164 Words   |  5 PagesMedical advances throughout history has provided people the safety and comfort of knowing that whatever illness befalls them, there is will be a treatment regimen that will bring relief. Vaccinations has prevented and nearly eliminated many childhood diseases. Maintenance medications provide a way for older adults to manage their chronic medical conditions. But there are some medical conditions that are also chronic, but with no cure available. One such condition is HIV, or human immunodeficiencyRead MoreTechnology Advances And Medical Devices For Consumer Use1448 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction As technology advances, medical devices are able to record increasing amounts of information. These devices are also becoming much more assessable to consumers than in the past. In Adam Tanner’s article â€Å"Health Entrepreneur Debates Going To Data’s Dark Side,† he discusses the company Safe Heart. Safe Heart is developing medical devices for consumer use. These devices are able to measure values like blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, and perfusion index. Being able to collect theseRead MoreThe Business And Social Media Side Of Medical Advances1132 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study # 1 The Business and Social Media Side of Medical Advances Introduction: One of the key themes of Biology 311 is the critical interplay between cell and molecular biology, medicine, business, patent law, federal regulatory agencies (e.g. FDA), defense, religion and many other aspects of our society that had little to no role in the world of cell and molecular biology as few as 10 years ago. The attached article appeared as the lead article in The Boston Globe on Sunday, August 23,

Essay about Military Governments - 1124 Words

Military Governments nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Military governments have been around since the days of feudalism. It is the oldest and most common political state. According to Shively, a military government is one in which a group of officers use their troops to take over the governmental apparatus and run it themselves. Military governments are usually weak in appeasing the masses for they are known to be brutal and power hungry and are also rather fragile, both internally and externally. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In its primitive state, existing as feudalism, the high ranking officials/nobility and the military itself was composed solely of the elite ruling class. But as society became more complex, the role of the†¦show more content†¦Military rulers since then have negotiated the possibility of the restoration of democracy in Nigeria, but efforts have been static and democracy still has not been established. Greece was operated by the military from 1967 through 1973. The military government was maintained for the six years by austere autocratic measures. In 1974, the military government was dismissed and democracy was reinstated. The use of coercion as means of gaining power by the right-wing officers was a way for them to attempt the establishment of autonomy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The concept of legitimacy in military governments is also questionable. Other types of governments such as democratic, monarchical, and communist governments are all legitimized either by the electoral process as the democratic government is, by the rule of succession as the monarchical government is, or by Lenins theory that the Communist party must lead the revolution. In all other senses, the military government has no process of choice and therefore is not a true political state. Shively states that politics, consists of the making of common decisions for a group through the use of power and of public choice. Since legitimacy can be defined as the belief on the part of large numbers of people in a state that the existing governmental structure and/or the particular persons in office shouldShow MoreRelatedMilitary Campaign Planning For An Inclusive Iraqi Government1243 Words   |  5 PagesOperation IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF), provides an excellent case study to evaluate military campaign planning. OIF demonstrates the complexity of campaign planning, while providing relevant lessons for today’s planners and leaders. OIF was successful in achieving its tactical objective of capturing Baghdad. However, due to an insufficient understanding of the operational environment (OE) and a poorly defined problem, OIF’s initial operational approach failed to achieve strategic goals. Fortunately, throughRead MoreGovernment s Military Interventions Toward Native Peoples Overlooked Violence Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagescelebrates the human nature of violence and its necessity to find order in chaos. 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The Twilight Saga 3 Eclipse Chapter 9. TARGET Free Essays

string(20) " bowl in his hands\." ALICE DROPPED ME OFF IN THE MORNING, IN KEEPING with the slumber party charade. It wouldn’t be long until Edward showed up, officially returning from his â€Å"hiking† trip. All of the pretenses were starting to wear on me. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 9. TARGET or any similar topic only for you Order Now I wouldn’t miss this part of being human. Charlie peeked through the front window when he heard me slam the car door. He waved to Alice, and then went to get the door for me. â€Å"Did you have fun?† Charlie asked. â€Å"Sure, it was great. Very . . . girlie.† I carried my stuff in, dumped it all at the foot of the stairs, and wandered into the kitchen to look for a snack. â€Å"You’ve got a message,† Charlie called after me. On the kitchen counter, the phone message pad was propped up conspicuously against a saucepan. Jacob called, Charlie had written. He said he didn’t mean it, and that he’s sorry. He wants you to call him. Be nice and give him a break. He sounded upset. I grimaced. Charlie didn’t usually editorialize on my messages. Jacob could just go ahead and be upset. I didn’t want to talk to him. Last I’d heard, they weren’t big on allowing phone calls from the other side. If Jacob preferred me dead, then maybe he should get used to the silence. My appetite evaporated. I turned an about face and went to put my things away. â€Å"Aren’t you going to call Jacob?† Charlie asked. He was leaning around the living room wall, watching me pick up. â€Å"No.† I started up the stairs. â€Å"That’s not very attractive behavior, Bella,† he said. â€Å"Forgiveness is divine.† â€Å"Mind your own business,† I muttered under my breath, much too low for him to hear. I knew the laundry was building up, so after I put my toothpaste away and threw my dirty clothes in the hamper, I went to strip Charlie’s bed. I left his sheets in a pile at the top of the stairs and went to get mine. I paused beside the bed, cocking my head to the side. Where was my pillow? I turned in a circle, scanning the room. No pillow. I noticed that my room looked oddly tidy. Hadn’t my gray sweatshirt been draped over the low bedpost on the footboard? And I would swear there had been a pair of dirty socks behind the rocking chair, along with the red blouse I’d tried on two mornings ago, but decided was too dressy for school, hanging over the arm. . . . I spun around again. My hamper wasn’t empty, but it wasn’t overflowing, the way I thought it had been. Was Charlie doing laundry? That was out of character. â€Å"Dad, did you start the wash?† I shouted out my door. â€Å"Um, no,† he shouted back, sounding guilty. â€Å"Did you want me to?† â€Å"No, I got it. Were you looking for something in my room?† â€Å"No. Why?† â€Å"I can’t find . . . a shirt. . . .† â€Å"I haven’t been in there.† And then I remembered that Alice had been here to get my pajamas. I hadn’t noticed that she’d borrowed my pillow, too – probably since I’d avoided the bed. It looked like she had cleaned while she was passing through. I blushed for my slovenly ways. But that red shirt really wasn’t dirty, so I went to save it from the hamper. I expected to find it near the top, but it wasn’t there. I dug through the whole pile and still couldn’t find it. I knew I was probably getting paranoid, but it seemed like something else was missing, or maybe more than one something. I didn’t even have half a load here. I ripped my sheets off and headed for the laundry closet, grabbing Charlie’s on the way. The washing machine was empty. I checked the dryer, too, half-expecting to find a washed load waiting for me, courtesy of Alice. Nothing. I frowned, mystified. â€Å"Did you find what you were looking for?† Charlie yelled. â€Å"Not yet.† I went back upstairs to search under my bed. Nothing but dust bunnies. I started to dig through my dresser. Maybe I’d put the red shirt away and forgotten. I gave up when the doorbell rang. That would be Edward. â€Å"Door,† Charlie informed me from the couch as I skipped past him. â€Å"Don’t strain yourself, Dad.† I pulled the door open with a big smile on my face. Edward’s golden eyes were wide, his nostrils flared, his lips pulled back over his teeth. â€Å"Edward?† My voice was sharp with shock as I read his expression. â€Å"What -?† He put his finger to my lips. â€Å"Give me two seconds,† he whispered. â€Å"Don’t move.† I stood frozen on the doorstep and he . . . disappeared. He moved so quickly that Charlie wouldn’t even have seen him pass. Before I could compose myself enough to count to two, he was back. He put his arm around my waist and pulled me swiftly toward the kitchen. His eyes darted around the room, and he held me against his body as if he were shielding me from something. I threw a glance toward Charlie on the couch, but he was studiously ignoring us. â€Å"Someone’s been here,† he murmured in my ear after he pulled me to the back of the kitchen. His voice was strained; it was difficult to hear him over the thumping of the washing machine. â€Å"I swear that no werewolves -† I started to say. â€Å"Not one of them,† he interrupted me quickly, shaking his head. â€Å"One of us.† His tone made it clear that he didn’t mean a member of his family. I felt the blood empty from my face. â€Å"Victoria?† I choked. â€Å"It’s not a scent I recognize.† â€Å"One of the Volturi,† I guessed. â€Å"Probably.† â€Å"When?† â€Å"That’s why I think it must have been them – it wasn’t long ago, early this morning while Charlie was sleeping. And whoever it was didn’t touch him, so there must have been another purpose.† â€Å"Looking for me.† He didn’t answer. His body was frozen, a statue. â€Å"What are you two hissing about in here?† Charlie asked suspiciously, rounding the corner with an empty popcorn bowl in his hands. You read "The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 9. TARGET" in category "Essay examples" I felt green. A vampire had been in the house looking for me while Charlie slept. Panic overwhelmed me, closed my throat. I couldn’t answer, I just stared at him in horror. Charlie’s expression changed. Abruptly, he was grinning. â€Å"If you two are having a fight . . . well, don’t let me interrupt.† Still grinning, he put his bowl in the sink and sauntered out of the room. â€Å"Let’s go,† Edward said in a low hard voice. â€Å"But Charlie!† The fear was squeezing my chest, making it hard to breathe. He deliberated for a short second, and then his phone was in his hand. â€Å"Emmett,† he muttered into the receiver. He began talking so fast that I couldn’t understand the words. It was over in half a minute. He started pulling me toward the door. â€Å"Emmett and Jasper are on their way,† he whispered when he felt my resistance. â€Å"They’ll sweep the woods. Charlie is fine.† I let him drag me along then, too panicked to think clearly. Charlie met my frightened eyes with a smug grin, which suddenly turned to confusion. Edward had me out the door before Charlie could say anything. â€Å"Where are we going?† I couldn’t stop whispering, even after we were in the car. â€Å"We’re going to talk to Alice,† he told me, his volume normal but his voice bleak. â€Å"You think maybe she saw something?† He stared at the road through narrowed eyes. â€Å"Maybe.† They were waiting for us, on alert after Edward’s call. It was like walking into a museum, everyone still as statues in various poses of stress. â€Å"What happened?† Edward demanded as soon as we were through the door. I was shocked to see that he was glowering at Alice, his hands fisted in anger. Alice stood with her arms folded tight across her chest. Only her lips moved. â€Å"I have no idea. I didn’t see anything.† â€Å"How is that possible?† he hissed. â€Å"Edward,† I said, a quiet reproof. I didn’t like him talking to Alice this way. Carlisle interrupted in a calming voice. â€Å"It’s not an exact science, Edward.† â€Å"He was in her room, Alice. He could have still been there – waiting for her.† â€Å"I would have seen that.† Edward threw his hands up in exasperation. â€Å"Really? You’re sure?† Alice’s voice was cold when she answered. â€Å"You’ve already got me watching the Volturis’ decisions, watching for Victoria’s return, watching Bella’s every step. You want to add another? Do I just have to watch Charlie, or Bella’s room, or the house, or the whole street, too? Edward, if I try to do too much, things are going to start slipping through the cracks.† â€Å"It looks like they already are,† Edward snapped. â€Å"She was never in any danger. There was nothing to see.† â€Å"If you’re watching Italy, why didn’t you see them send -â€Å" â€Å"I don’t think it’s them,† Alice insisted. â€Å"I would have seen that.† â€Å"Who else would leave Charlie alive?† I shuddered. â€Å"I don’t know,† Alice said. â€Å"Helpful.† â€Å"Stop it, Edward,† I whispered. He turned on me, his face still livid, his teeth clenched together. He glared at me for half a second, and then, suddenly, he exhaled. His eyes widened and his jaw relaxed. â€Å"You’re right, Bella. I’m sorry.† He looked at Alice. â€Å"Forgive me, Alice. I shouldn’t be taking this out on you. That was inexcusable.† â€Å"I understand,† Alice assured him. â€Å"I’m not happy about it, either.† Edward took a deep breath. â€Å"Okay, let’s look at this logically. What are the possibilities?† Everyone seemed to thaw out at once. Alice relaxed and leaned against the back of the couch. Carlisle walked slowly toward her, his eyes far away. Esme sat on the sofa in front of Alice, curling her legs up on the seat. Only Rosalie remained unmoving, her back to us, staring out the glass wall. Edward pulled me to the sofa and I sat next to Esme, who shifted to put her arm around me. He held one of my hands tightly in both of his. â€Å"Victoria?† Carlisle asked. Edward shook his head. â€Å"No. I didn’t know the scent. He might have been from the Volturi, someone I’ve never met. . . .† Alice shook her head. â€Å"Aro hasn’t asked anyone to look for her yet. I will see that. I’m waiting for it.† Edward’s head snapped up. â€Å"You’re watching for an official command.† â€Å"You think someone’s acting on their own? Why?† â€Å"Caius’s idea,† Edward suggested, his face tightening again. â€Å"Or Jane’s . . . ,† Alice said. â€Å"They both have the resources to send an unfamiliar face. . . .† Edward scowled. â€Å"And the motivation.† â€Å"It doesn’t make sense, though,† Esme said. â€Å"If whoever it was meant to wait for Bella, Alice would have seen that. He – or she – had no intention of hurting Bella. Or Charlie, for that matter.† I cringed at my father’s name. â€Å"It’s going to be fine, Bella,† Esme murmured, smoothing my hair. â€Å"But what was the point then?† Carlisle mused. â€Å"Checking to see if I’m still human?† I guessed. â€Å"Possible,† Carlisle said. Rosalie breathed out a sigh, loud enough for me to hear. She’d unfrozen, and her face was turned expectantly toward the kitchen. Edward, on the other hand, looked discouraged. Emmett burst through the kitchen door, Jasper right behind him. â€Å"Long gone, hours ago,† Emmett announced, disappointed. â€Å"The trail went East, then South, and disappeared on a side road. Had a car waiting.† â€Å"That’s bad luck,† Edward muttered. â€Å"If he’d gone west . . . well, it would be nice for those dogs to make themselves useful.† I winced, and Esme rubbed my shoulder. Jasper looked at Carlisle. â€Å"Neither of us recognized him. But here.† He held out something green and crumpled. Carlisle took it from him and held it to his face. I saw, as it exchanged hands, that it was a broken fern frond. â€Å"Maybe you know the scent.† â€Å"No,† Carlisle said. â€Å"Not familiar. No one I’ve ever met.† â€Å"Perhaps we’re looking at this the wrong way. Maybe it’s a coincidence . . . ,† Esme began, but stopped when she saw everyone else’s incredulous expressions. â€Å"I don’t mean a coincidence that a stranger happened to pick Bella’s house to visit at random. I meant that maybe someone was just curious. Our scent is all around her. Was he wondering what draws us there?† â€Å"Why wouldn’t he just come here then? If he was curious?† Emmett demanded. â€Å"You would,† Esme said with a sudden, fond smile. â€Å"The rest of us aren’t always so direct. Our family is very large – he or she might be frightened. But Charlie wasn’t harmed. This doesn’t have to be an enemy.† Just curious. Like James and Victoria had been curious, in the beginning? The thought of Victoria made me tremble, though the one thing they seemed certain of was that it had not been her. Not this time. She would stick to her obsessed pattern. This was just someone else, a stranger. I was slowly realizing that vampires were much bigger participants in this world than I’d once thought. How many times did the average human cross paths with them, completely unaware? How many deaths, obliviously reported as crimes and accidents, were really due to their thirst? How crowded would this new world be when I finally joined it? The shrouded future sent a shiver down my spine. The Cullens pondered Esme’s words with varying expressions. I could see that Edward did not accept her theory, and that Carlisle very much wanted to. Alice pursed her lips. â€Å"I don’t think so. The timing of it was too perfect. . . . This visitor was so careful to make no contact. Almost like he or she knew that I would see. . . .† â€Å"He could have other reasons for not making contact,† Esme reminded her. â€Å"Does it really matter who it was?† I asked. â€Å"Just the chance that someone was looking for me . . . isn’t that reason enough? We shouldn’t wait for graduation.† â€Å"No, Bella,† Edward said quickly. â€Å"It’s not that bad. If you’re really in danger, we’ll know.† â€Å"Think of Charlie,† Carlisle reminded me. â€Å"Think of how it would hurt him if you disappeared.† â€Å"I am thinking of Charlie! He’s the one I’m worried about! What if my little guest had happened to be thirsty last night? As long as I’m around Charlie, he’s a target, too. If anything happened to him, it would be all myfault!† â€Å"Hardly, Bella,† Esme said, patting my hair again. â€Å"And nothing will happen to Charlie. We’re just going to have to be more careful.† â€Å"More careful?† I repeated in disbelief. â€Å"It’s all going to be fine, Bella,† Alice promised; Edward squeezed my hand. And I could see, looking at all of their beautiful faces one by one, that nothing I could say was going to change their minds. It was a quiet ride home. I was frustrated. Against my better judgment, I was still human. â€Å"You won’t be alone for a second,† Edward promised as he drove me to Charlie’s. â€Å"Someone will always be there. Emmett, Alice, Jasper . . .† I sighed. â€Å"This is ridiculous. They’ll get so bored, they’ll have to kill me themselves, just for something to do.† Edward gave me a sour look. â€Å"Hilarious, Bella.† Charlie was in a good mood when we got back. He could see the tension between me and Edward, and he was misinterpreting it. He watched me throw together his dinner with a smug smile on his face. Edward had excused himself for a moment, to do some surveillance, I assumed, but Charlie waited till he was back to pass on my messages. â€Å"Jacob called again,† Charlie said as soon as Edward was in the room. I kept my face empty as I set the plate in front of him. â€Å"Is that a fact?† Charlie frowned. â€Å"Don’t be petty, Bella. He sounded really low.† â€Å"Is Jacob paying you for all the P.R., or are you a volunteer?† Charlie grumbled incoherently at me until the food cut off his garbled complaint. Though he didn’t realize it, he’d found his mark. My life was feeling a lot like a game of dice right now – would the next roll come up snake eyes? What if something did happen to me? It seemed worse than petty to leave Jacob feeling guilty about what he’d said. But I didn’t want to talk to him with Charlie around, to have to watch my every word so I didn’t let the wrong thing slip. Thinking about this made me jealous of Jacob and Billy’s relationship. How easy it must be when you had no secrets from the person you lived with. So I would wait for the morning. I most likely wasn’t going to die tonight, after all, and it wouldn’t hurt him to feel guilty for twelve more hours. It might even be good for him. When Edward officially left for the evening, I wondered who was out in the downpour, keeping an eye on Charlie and me. I felt awful for Alice or whoever else it might be, but still comforted. I had to admit it was nice, knowing I wasn’t alone. And Edward was back in record time. He sang me to sleep again and – aware even in unconsciousness that he was there – I slept free of nightmares. In the morning, Charlie left to go fishing with Deputy Mark before I was up. I decided to use this lack of supervision to be divine. â€Å"I’m going to let Jacob off the hook,† I warned Edward after I’d eaten breakfast. â€Å"I knew you’d forgive him,† he said with an easy smile. â€Å"Holding grudges is not one of your many talents.† I rolled my eyes, but I was pleased. It seemed like Edward really was over the whole anti-werewolf thing. I didn’t look at the clock until after I’d dialed. It was a little early for calls, and I worried that I would wake Billy and Jake, but someone picked up before the second ring, so he couldn’t have been too far from the phone. â€Å"Hello?† a dull voice said. â€Å"Jacob?† â€Å"Bella!† he exclaimed. â€Å"Oh, Bella, I’m so sorry!† he tripped over the words as he hurried to get them out. â€Å"I swear I didn’t mean it. I was just being stupid. I was angry – but that’s no excuse. It was the stupidest thing I’ve ever said in my life and I’m sorry. Don’t be mad at me, please? Please. Lifetime of servitude up for grabs – all you have to do is forgive me.† â€Å"I’m not mad. You’re forgiven.† â€Å"Thank you,† he breathed fervently. â€Å"I can’t believe I was such a jerk.† â€Å"Don’t worry about that – I’m used to it.† He laughed, exuberant with relief. â€Å"Come down to see me,† he begged. â€Å"I want to make it up to you.† I frowned. â€Å"How?† â€Å"Anything you want. Cliff diving,† he suggested, laughing again. â€Å"Oh, there’s a brilliant idea.† â€Å"I’ll keep you safe,† he promised. â€Å"No matter what you want to do.† I glanced at Edward. His face was very calm, but I was sure this was not the time. â€Å"Not right now.† â€Å"He’s not thrilled with me, is he?† Jacob’s voice was ashamed, rather than bitter, for once. â€Å"That’s not the problem. There’s . . . well, there’s this other problem that’s slightly more worrisome than a bratty teenage werewolf. . . .† I tried to keep my tone joking, but I didn’t fool him. â€Å"What’s wrong?† he demanded. â€Å"Um.† I wasn’t sure what I should tell him. Edward held his hand out for the phone. I looked at his face carefully. He seemed calm enough. â€Å"Bella?† Jacob asked. Edward sighed, holding his hand closer. â€Å"Do you mind speaking to Edward?† I asked apprehensively. â€Å"He wants to talk to you.† There was a long pause. â€Å"Okay,† Jacob finally agreed. â€Å"This should be interesting.† I handed the phone to Edward; I hoped he could read the warning in my eyes. â€Å"Hello, Jacob,† Edward said, perfectly polite. There was a silence. I bit my lip, trying to guess how Jacob would answer. â€Å"Someone was here – not a scent I know,† Edward explained. â€Å"Has your pack come across anything new?† Another pause, while Edward nodded to himself, unsurprised. â€Å"Here’s the crux, Jacob. I won’t be letting Bella out of my sight till I get this taken care of. It’s nothing personal -â€Å" Jacob interrupted him then, and I could hear the buzz of his voice from the receiver. Whatever he was saying, he was more intense than before. I tried unsuccessfully to make out the words. â€Å"You might be right -,† Edward began, but Jacob was arguing again. Neither of them sounded angry, at least. â€Å"That’s an interesting suggestion. We’re quite willing to renegotiate. If Sam is amenable.† Jacob’s voice was quieter now. I started chewing on my thumbnail as I tried to read Edward’s expression. â€Å"Thank you,† Edward replied. Then Jacob said something that caused a surprised expression to flicker across Edward’s face. â€Å"I’d planned to go alone, actually,† Edward said, answering the unexpected question. â€Å"And leave her with the others.† Jacob’s voice rose in pitch, and it sounded to me like he was trying to be persuasive. â€Å"I’ll try to consider it objectively,† Edward promised. â€Å"As objectively as I’m capable of.† The pause was shorter this time. â€Å"That’s not a half-bad idea. When? . . . No, that’s fine. I’d like a chance to follow the trail personally, anyway. Ten minutes . . . Certainly,† Edward said. He held the phone out to me. â€Å"Bella?† I took it slowly, feeling confused. â€Å"What was that all about?† I asked Jacob, my voice peeved. I knew it was juvenile, but I felt excluded. â€Å"A truce, I think. Hey, do me a favor,† Jacob suggested. â€Å"Try to convince your bloodsucker that the safest place for you to be – especially when he leaves – is on the reservation. We’re well able to handle anything.† â€Å"Is that what you were trying to sell him?† â€Å"Yes. It makes sense. Charlie’s probably better off here, too. As much as possible.† â€Å"Get Billy on it,† I agreed. I hated that I was putting Charlie within the range of the crosshairs that always seemed to be centered on me. â€Å"What else?† â€Å"Just rearranging some boundaries, so we can catch anyone who gets too near Forks. I’m not sure if Sam will go for it, but until he comes around, I’ll keep an eye on things.† â€Å"What do you mean by ‘keep an eye on things’?† â€Å"I mean that if you see a wolf running around your house, don’t shoot at it.† â€Å"Of course not. You really shouldn’t do anything . . . risky, though.† He snorted. â€Å"Don’t be stupid. I can take care of myself.† I sighed. â€Å"I also tried to convince him to let you visit. He’s prejudiced, so don’t let him give you any crap about safety. He knows as well as I do that you’d be safe here.† â€Å"I’ll keep that in mind.† â€Å"See you in a few,† Jacob said. â€Å"You’re coming up?† â€Å"Yeah. I’m going to get the scent of your visitor so we can track him if he comes back.† â€Å"Jake, I really don’t like the idea of you tracking -â€Å" â€Å"Oh please, Bella,† he interrupted. Jacob laughed, and then hung up. How to cite The Twilight Saga 3: Eclipse Chapter 9. TARGET, Essay examples

The Evolution of Hukleberry Finn Essay Example For Students

The Evolution of Hukleberry Finn Essay â€Å"It was easier to recognize the traits that Twain was contemptuous of, since the entire book was supposed to satirize society. But there were certain traits that Twain admired, too.† (3) Twain showed that he admired morality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn personified through Huck. â€Å"We have no real morals, but only artificial ones—morals created and preserved by the forced suppression of natural and healthy instinct.†(4) Such instances include his not telling on Jim when he ran away, Huck returning the stolen money to the girls and Huck trying to escape from the King and the Duke after the burial. Twain chooses to have Huck evolve morally in the novel instead of giving him an outstanding sense of morals throughout the novel. There are three distinct phases of Huck’s maturing process that can be found in the beginning, middle and end of the novel. Huckleberry Finn was raised in an environment in which he developed a deformed conscience. He was a fostered in an unpleasant atmosphere. â€Å"His traditions and environment pull him one way†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (1) His father known only as Pap was a drunk and would beat him constantly, when Pap was around. And since his father was not around for the majority of the time he didn’t have a strong influence to tell him what was right and wrong. He did not care for his guardian, the Widow, very much. When she was telling Huck about heaven and hell he â€Å"couldn’t see no advantage in going where she was going (heaven), so† he â€Å"made up† his â€Å"mind that† he â€Å"wouldn’t try for it.† Which again shows Huck’s navet of the concepts of heaven and hell. His only real idol was Tom who shared the same deformed conscience and sense of immaturity that Huck did. Huck also had this sensation of immaturity and corrupt morals plainly because he didn’t know any better. Where he was raised, slavery was not only accepted, it was condoned. Since he had no real morally upstanding role model, he never learned otherwise. Due to the numerous jeopardizing events that Huck was exposed to on both the river and on land he was forced to grow up very quickly. He was a very cunning boy. He constantly made up lies in order to get out of trouble. For example, when Huck met up with the men who were searching for runaway slaves, he made up a story about his father being on the raft with a severe case of smallpox. Huck knew that this story would prevent the hunters from following him and looking for Jim to be with Huck. He also outwitted the King and the Duke on several occasions. Huck successfully hid the money from the King and the Duke by convincing the King that it was slaves who stole it and also eventually was able to escape from them both. Toward the middle of the novel Huck’s sense of morality and maturity begin to develop but yet still have a ways to go. He begins to see Jim for what he really is, a friend, and not a slave. He shows this when he realizes that he hurt Jim by lying to him and finall y decides to â€Å"humble† himself â€Å"to a nigger.† He also does some good deeds along the way, such as returning the stolen money to the girls. Eventually, Huck goes through a complete transformation into boy with a conscience and upright morals. He is able to discern between right and wrong. When Huck ran away, he was able to see that what the King and the Duke were doing was wrong and immoral. He uses his cunning nature in order to come up with a plan to get rid of them once and for all. Once he got rid of the King and the Duke he helped Mary Jane by returning the money that the King and the Duke stole from them. Most importantly, his heart overcomes his warped conscience and he is able to see that slavery is unjust. When he comes to this realization he is capable of seeing Jim as a human being as opposed to a piece of property. His first step was humbling himself and apologizing to Jim for lying to him. Next he decides to free Jim, even if he is going to hell. â€Å"All right, then, I’ll go to hell’—and tore it up.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whatever may be said of Tom Sawyer, Huck Finn is a developing character.à ¢â‚¬ (1) From the beginning to the very end of the novel, there is a noticeable change in Huck’s ethics. He goes from tricking and lying to Jim to helping him to freedom. Morality is a key trait that is admired by Mark Twain. Huck’s moral persona goes through three phases until he becomes a boy who is able to make conscience decisions that are mature and ethical. Bibliography:References:1) Reader’s Supplement to The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn2) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn3) Savanna King (critic)4) Mark Twain (author)

Parkinsons Disease Essays (721 words) - Parkinsons Disease

Parkinsons Disease Parkinson Disease Damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe causes difficulty in speaking and writing, a problem known as Broca's aphasia. Injury to Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe results in an inability to comprehend spoken language, called Wernicke's aphasia. Cerebral palsy is a broad term for brain damage sustained close to birth that permanently affects motor function. The damage may take place either in the developing fetus, during birth, or just after birth and is the result of the faulty development or breaking down of motor pathways. Cerebral palsy is non-progressive that is, it does not worsen with time. During childhood development, the brain is particularly susceptible to damage because of the rapid growth and reorganization of nerve connections. Problems that originate in the immature brain can appear as epilepsy or other brain-function problems in adulthood. Parkinsons Disease, progressively disabling neurological disease marked by tremor and increasing stiffness of the muscles. The onset of this disease is gradual, which makes it difficult to diagnose in its early stages. Tremor usually begins in one or both hands; eventually the thumb and forefinger may show a rapid repetitive movement described as pill rolling. In addition to muscular rigidity, other symptoms include slow body movement, poor coordination, and faulty balance. A shortening of muscles along the front of the neck tends to bend the head and spine forward, while the lack of animation in the face creates a mask like expression. As these symptoms worsen, chronic fatigue, mental confusion, and speech impairment may develop and the person with Parkinsons may find it impossible to walk unassisted. The symptoms of Parkinsons disease appear when neurons (nerve cells) located in the substantia nigra, a part of the brain stem, either die or lose their ability to function properly. The chief neurotransmitteror carrier of nerve signalsin this area of the brain is dopamine, which is deficient in people who have Parkinsons. The cause of this deficiency is not known, but research suggests that several factors may reinforce each other to produce Parkinsons disease. There may be a genetic predisposition for some forms of the diseasebetween 15 and 20 percent of people with Parkinsons are closely related to an individual who displays the diseases characteristic symptoms. In 1996 scientists identified a gene associated with a rare form of Parkinsons disease. Genetic predisposition may be limited only to rare forms of the disease, however. A 1999 study found that the most common form of Parkinsons disease is not inherited, suggesting that exposure to certain environmental agents may be a pri mary cause. Although the identity of these agents remains unknown, candidates include harmful pesticides or toxins in food; and free radicals, which are unstable molecules that may contribute to neuron damage by reacting with other moleculesespecially metallic elements such as ironin the basic chemical process known as oxidation. Introduction of the drug L-dopa, or levodopa, in the mid-1960s led to the relief of Parkinsons symptoms in many people with the disease. L-dopa stimulates the production of dopamine in surviving neurons in the substantia nigra. L-dopa becomes less effective over time in relieving symptoms, at which point a substitute drug such as pergolide or bromocriptine may be prescribed. In 1997 the drugs pramipexole (sold under the brand name Mirapex) and ropinirole, (brand name Requip) were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. These drugs appear to have fewer side effects than some of the older medicines. Other drugs that affect the action of central nervous system neurotransmitters have proven useful in relieving tremors. Brain surgery, a common method for treating Parkinsons before the discovery of L-dopa, is coming back into favor for patients with severe tremors. Surgeons use various procedures to destroy tissue in regions of the brain believed to play a role in Parkinsons disease, such as the substantia nigra. These procedures have positive effects for some people, but experts caution that they do not work for everyone. Additional surgical treatments are under investigation. Such experimental treatments include a pacemaker-like device to prevent tremors, and more recently, replacing damaged neural tissue with healthy fetal neural tissue. Psychology Essays

Shutter Island Movie Review

Shutter Island Movie Review Introduction In the movie, ‘Shutter Island’ Martin Scorsese who is the director has mysterious modelled a gloomy as well as devious psychological tease in the most accepted traditional way. The movie depicts the psychology of nursing practice showing how mentally disturbed patients in the hospital can disappear without the knowledge of nurses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shutter Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the movie draws the viewers back to the time during the second world war when Teddy Daniels alongside his new colleague are send out to carry out investigations on dubious disappearance of patients from asylum meant for the criminal cases related to psychology (Townsend, 2009). There arises the challenge of security and health care service delivery to mentally ill criminals as well as the ability of the nurses to deal with search cases. Shutter Island and Psychology Nursin g Practice As opposed to most of the films of the twentieth century on psychological illness, the shutter island is devoid of the new psychological nursing practice. This gives a clear description of a dim psychological disorder where the disorder is equivalent to the incurability and the risk whilst the sick is equivalent to the monster. Therefore the director of the movie cannot be compelled of an agenda that is liberal. The Shutter Island instead simplifies the fact that the asylum entertains violence .This is supported by the assertion of Leornardo who indicates that the psychologically challenged criminals do not deserve ‘calm’ (Townsend, 2009). The play rotates around a precious as well as a rare chance on the shutter island to trying to figure out whether mind therapy can uphold the defences of the world war two survivors who are devoid of sight, is traumatised, and who has also gone an extra mile to invade the asylum murdering his wife for having murdered the ch ildren. This is a dark plot full of complexities and it gets more paranoid as the film goes by. It twists together themes about the Hoovers, psychological trials, institutions as well as the Nazis which call for some efforts by the institution holders. As the film progresses, most characters tend to be biased towards the mental health leader. The characters look at this leader as a protagonist psychotherapist. This makes them to assume the fact that their leader is a corrupt leader The lead psychiatrist does not concur with lobotomy (psychosurgery) as well as the advent of new prescription for instance chlorpromazine. For instance, the Germany psychiatrics arc can be dated back to Nazi experimenter and then down to pragmatic lobotomy. Ben Kingsley On the other hand founds his knowledge in psychiatry to the experience he acquired while dealing post traumatic stress patients who were depicting nightmares.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The lead psychiatrists practice however, does not yield any fruit. This rises a bit of alarm to the current psychology of nursing practice which does not work for most of the mentally challenged patients. Such unsuccessful procedures performed by the lead psychiatrists depict a lope hole in the psychology of nursing practice. It also questions the optimism of psychotherapy putting a more sceptical and cynical point of view to the psychologically challenged patients. Conclusion In conclusion, the film is well directed, and carefully brought out with fine work in health institutions details of the current health care institutions as well as the security aspect embodied. Those characters that had had an opportunity to work in health care institutions identify with the asylum in the island. The people can agree that the challenges experienced on the island are as a result of the conflicting needs of both health care serv ices and security. Never the less, the film ends such that most of its viewer’s ends up with distorted and compromised sympathy to the psychology patients. This calls for those in psychology nursing practice to accept and embrace advent of new treatments to help save the mental cases. Reference Townsend, M. (2009). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing:Concepts of care in Evidence-Based Practice (6th ed.). Philadephia: F.A Davis.

E-Commerce Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-Commerce Systems - Essay Example E-commerce is not only limited to the exchange of goods or services, it involves a broad range of activities in different departments such as design, finance, promotion, distribution etc (OECD 2001). This has become one of the most popular and productive sources for business transactions (Kerner 2005). Companies invest great deal of their resources to have an appealing presence on the internet to attract consumers towards their products and services. There are two main classifications on the basis of which strategies are formulated to promote and market the products and services of the respective company- business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C). These classifications are made on the basis of the type of target market that is chosen by the business owner; the buying-end can either be a business itself (B2B) or an individual consumer who has certain requirements (B2C). B2B sales are targeted for a limited segment of customers whereas B2C sales are aimed for the whole set of consumer market (YourDictionary.com n.d.). The competition in the markets is more than ever and is still increasing. This has arisen as a result of the consumer’s access to global products and services rather than being restricted to local ones. E-business makes access to global products even more convenient. Companies are required to possess an attractive presence on the World Wide Web since otherwise they will loose the race for greater market shares and revenues. The following are some of the incentives that are gained by B2C websites: The dynamic nature of the web facilitates frequent promotions by companies regarding their products and services and these marketing strategies cost much lesser than the conventional modes of promotion and marketing. The internet user generally browses the website himself. The marketing messages can be reached to him on a personal level. There may exist enhanced responsiveness in the medium of the

Irish and Early American differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Irish and Early American differences - Essay Example Ireland again was called Ireland in 1922. English colonization of America started in 1607 and soon these were established throughout the Americas. English American colonies got enmity with Spanish American colonies in the fields of military and economy. Different sorts of colonies were established like charter, proprietary and royal colonies. These colonies were granted independence in 20th century after the American war of independence (Burke 56). Colonization of America was based on certain motives. There were economic, religious and political motives. English colonization of Ireland and then of America were two different experiences in terms of nature and type of people, land and religion. Greater emphasis on these aspects will be laid in following paragraphs. England sent its forces in 684 C.E to carryout raids on Ireland for booty and captives (Kenny 47). English colonization had an aim of supremacy over the complete island. It was very difficult for English rulers to keep contr ol over the entire Ireland. Edward Bruce of Scotland invaded Ireland in 13th century with the help of Gaelic lords against English lords but he could not succeed. This war resulted in devastation of human and animal life on the island. Irish lords regained control over their lost land ultimately (Burke 79). After the war, plague arrived in Ireland in 1348. English people suffered heavily as they were living in the villages and towns of Ireland. Gaelic culture and language again prevailed in the region after the disaster of plague. Therefore, English control got limited up to pale. Adoption of Irish language and customs by Hiberno- Norman lords helped in strengthening Irish hold over the land (Canny 580). After the plague, Norman lords always supported the local Irish people in political, economical and military conflicts with England. English lords faced many difficulties in holding the land and making Irish people captives for slavery. Henry VIII decided to conquer Ireland in 15th century. Kildare was the most famous Irish ruler in 15th century who was open in rebellion activities against the England (Kenny 55). Henry wanted to capture Ireland with a view to minimize the chances of any future rebellion activities and for avoiding any external aggression in future. After the hard and bloody conflicts Henry got control over the Ireland and by the end of 15th century, successfully made it a kingdom. English lords always faced hard time whenever they decided to convert catholic Irish to protestant religion. Brutal and difficult methods were adopted by King Henry but he could not succeed in converting the religion of Irish people. This policy of the king increased hatred in the Irish people against the English rule. Two periods of civil war in Ireland caused huge destruction to Irish catholic land owning class. Catholic followers of Irish land took a major rebel against English rule and killed thousands of Protestants. Crownwell re-conquered Ireland in 1649. This was the bloodiest conflict of Irish history. Land was confiscated from Irish Catholics and was handed over to British settlers. (Kenny 78-79) Irish hatred against English rule increased due to economic situation of the Ireland in 18th century. Agricultural products were being exported and domestic consumption such items were not allowed. Cold and dry spell of 1940 killed about 4 million people due to

Health Care and Pharmaceutical Industry Research Proposal

Health Care and Pharmaceutical Industry - Research Proposal Example Hence consolidation can be in the form of merger between two or more pharmaceutical companies, acquisition of one pharmaceutical company by another, merger or acquisition between a formulations company and a bulk drugs company terming which as vertical integration will be more appropriate. There can also be mergers or acquisitions between a health care industry and a pharmaceutical industry, a form of vertical integration. All these activities centre around one goal, that is consolidation. The generic meaning of consolidation is strengthening. Hence consolidation is for obviously strengthening of merging entities. The question this proposal however poses is who the beneficiaries of the consolidation are. The stakeholders in the consolidation process are shareholders of the company, its consumers, its suppliers, its customers, its employees, Government and environmentalists. Apart from them, behind the scenes are the consultants and the directors of the company who manipulate consolid ation. This proposal will undertake a detailed study as to who the real beneficiaries of consolidation are. This is the research question the proposed research will address for which purpose detailed literatures review will be undertaken. The very question presupposes existence of a problem of who actually the beneficiaries are in consolidations. There are bound to be vested interests beneath the surface and in the deliberate hostile takeovers. Problem viewed in this context, the research question gains significance as to whether consolidations are serving the interests of stakeholders or the vested interests which may be against public policy. The outcomes examined on case by case basis may be mixed. Therefore the study has to see the overall impact of consolidations in health care and pharmaceutical industry. To this extent, the issue is problematic and answer is not readily forthcoming without a deep research into the subject. Objectives of Research To examine the benefits of consolidations. To ascertain risks associated with the consolidations. To make a comparative study with consolidations in other industries and ascertain why pharmaceutical or health care sector is unique .and To arrive at a balanced view for future policy. PART 2: Literature Review This part of the paper is important in that literature review is part of the research methodology by which the researcher will examine data already available on the subject of study. In research parlance this is the secondary data through which the research questions raised in the study will be likely to be answered if the data so gathered is adequate. Generic drugs manufacturing companies were once poor relations of the pharma industry. But they have now grown and attained international stature via acquisitions. In 2006, the generic drugs' sales all over the world were $ 77 billion. (URCH) Shukla (2006) states that pharmaceutical companies across the world persuade their counterparts for consolidation with a view to benefit from their respective core competencies in various segments of R & D, manufacturing and unique marketing opportunities in a global setting. Pharmaceutical comp

Governments Role In Conservation Of The Environment Environmental Sciences Essay

Governments Role In Conservation Of The Environment Environmental Sciences Essay Wide spread on climate change and global warming has been immensely forced the nations to the sustainable development. Environmental challenges in various bio diversity in balances has been wide spread more over the world. Improper Land Use Planning and Bio diversity in balances to the Conservation of Micro ecosystems is challenging to whole nations. Sri Lankan challenges however have been land degradation due to Soil Erosion, depletion of Coastal Resources, Waste Disposal, Loss of Biodiversity and Inland water Pollution, from where Sri Lanka is poor on waste disposal as a matter of priority. Some LAs, NGOs, the private sector have initiated waste treatment practices such as composting of waste at household level, recycling of waste materials, incineration and landfills. International conventions protocols treaties on environment has been keeping strength to conservation prevention of the environment. Role of government as the policy maker is crucial in the context of conservation prevention of the environment. In Sri Lanka post conflict era has been the Elysium for the sustainable development. Various naming programs authority bodies urge to impose policies practices on conservation prevention of the environment. While laws policies imposed, Sri Lankan government is boosted on all the blooming programs.. However common conflicts on human nature issues still and prevailing situation in most of the rural areas. Also government should consider on the international bodies come in the face of nature lover whether they have the genuine interest or other motives Most importantly, the government should be very careful whether it would affect the sovereignty of the country. Many more responsibilities to be taken and practices to be monitored by the Sri Lankan government to ensure conservation and protection of the environment. Introduction Environmental conservation is the maintenance of the habitat, or preservation of the environment. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on individual, organizational or governmental level, for the benefit of the natural environment and (or) humans. Due to the pressures of population and our technology the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently. This has been recognized and governments began placing restraints on activities that caused environmental degradation Global warming climate change is in a whistle blowing topic in the present world. By decades passed by all the high powering technological movement has vastly blind the human nature and the future resources remain in the world. While men stepping in to the moon by one hand on the other hand vastly destructing the natural environmental balance. Though all the regulation bodies trying to get into the one table to get on unite on the conservation protection of environment, some the main world hasnt been able to pull their genuine effort towards the reality, as an example British petroleum oil leakage is a significant moment where invaluable marine species has been polluted destroyed due to the oil leakage. Increasing human pressure on the environment increases the counteraction the quest for designation of more land and sea areas for protection. The boosting trend of designating more sites of protection has been noticed in the last years in the world. The area that could be designated as protected to balance the economic pressures is becoming scarce. Identified key challenges in this sector have been mainly broad down as follows. Environmental Challenges Today the challenges in this sector have been identified materialize in all ends through out the world. Therefore number of environmental threats challenges is on the air Improper Land Use Planning Inappropriate planning of usage of Land Depreciation of Forest Cover (Deforestation) Reduction of remaining forests Land Deprivation ( Soil Erosion, River Sedimentation; Desertification,) Insufficiency of Drinking Water to the humans Environmental Pollution (Air, Water Soil ) Loss of Biodiversity ( Degradation and loss of Natural Habitats ) Ozone Layer Reduction Green House Gas Emission and Climate Change Natural Disasters and Earth Slides Lack of Responsibility towards Values Accounting of Environment Increasing risk to rare species Unsound Management of Natural Resources Unsustainable Development Activities (Unsuitable Agriculture Expansion and Settlements) Misuse of sea coral reef and inland earth mining. Uncontrolled Mining of Sand and other Minerals Spread of Alien/ insidious Species Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms Hard, unsafe and Industrial Waste generation Health Hazards Related to Environment Pollution. Wildlife reduction In the context of the above unbeatable challenges human beings have been more more victims of the nature. As an example Tsunami 2004, damaged mostly South Asian countries. Therefore it should be the one and only challenge where all nations fight for. From from the Eighteenth century to the Twentieth globally known practices regulations have been imposed. International conventions, protocols treaties on environments have been powering bodies of this. International Conventions, Protocols Treaties on Environment Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (]971) Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973) Convention on the conservation Of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS 1979) United Nations Convention on The Law Of the Sea Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985) Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987) Basel Convention on the Control of Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989) Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) United Nations Convention To Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought And / Or Desertification, particularly In Africa (1994) International Plant Protection Convention International Convention for the Preservation of Pollution of the Sea by Oil Convention on the Continental Shelf Convention on the high seas International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil pollution Damage International Convention Relating to intervention on the high seas in cases of oil pollutions casualties The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from the ships (MARPOL)- 1973 Bio safety Protocol ( Cartagena) Stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Key Challenges for Sri Lanka Land Deprivation Due to Soil Erosion Agriculture the major contributor to the Sri Lankan GDP is affected by the degradation of land due to soil. From the total lands usable Land area is about 31% only . Production based on Land to GDP has declined to 18% compared to 26% in 1978, due to expand action of the economy. Many agricultural practices of past and present have reduced the productive capacity of soil and land in the country. Some direct and indirect factors, that add to soil erosion, are : Traditional cultivation Methods ( Chena cultivation) Insecure land occupancy with alteration of cultivation methods also causes ruin of land because land is broken down to number of plots without considering the conservation measures. The increasing rate of clearing forestry cover. Some of the crops cultivation in the hill country such as potatoes, tobacco and vegetables has led to severe erosion. Fast developments on infrastructure. Reduction of Coastal Resources Sri Lankan beaches are blessed by coastal resources where ecological processes of both land and maritime environments become interlinked and are influenced by human activities. Minus impacts on the coastal resources include: Erosion of coastal area (about 1 meter per year) due to river daming, sand mining, collection of coral rubble and removal of coastal vegetation) Reduction of flood buffering capacity of mangroves, in lagoons. Removal f coral reefs as a result of human activities and increased sea temperature. Unplanned fishing practices. Infrastructure construction. Loss of Biodiversity Loss of biodiversity is due to several pressures arising from the following activities: Population increase and conversion to other land uses Removal of materials/species from the wild Competition between foreign species and native species Lack of understanding of scientific management Under-valuation of biodiversity Inequity in ownership, in balance distribution of benefits to community Legal and institutional systems that promote activities detrimental to biodiversity conservation Environmental interlinking system known as Bio diversity is mainly reduced due to ruining of natural eco system, loss of genetic species material. Waste Disposal Number one conflict in Sri Lanka is today the waste management. Especially urban areas are flooded with waste. Lack of management of the authorizing bodies and also the human behavior and attitude towards the waste disposal is very poor in main city limits. This risk has cause major health issues where number of people has been killed by dengue recent months. Although many talks waste disposal is not only a governments duty. Government can implement policies formalize but the governing agencies has to over see the practical situations. Community has a major responsibility towards the solid disposals. Risk arises in the area where hospitals industries located. Governing agencies has major issue on lack of resources to overcome tones of waste mountain management. On the other hand during the rainy days urban areas are flooded within seconds due to poor waste management methods block of drainage system. This also causes pollution of ground water and natural habitats. Major issue is f acilitating insect breeding such as mosquitoes Inland water Pollution Misuse of agro chemical fertilizers has polluted inland water ponds, reservoirs, streams and rivers. Sri Lanka is proud on having man made reservoirs where most international engineers are surprised by the ancient technology we owned. Development in the industrial sites urban areas has caused water pollution in many ways. Recent International Conventions, Protocols Treaties on Environment Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985) Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987) Basel Convention on the Control of Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989) Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) United Nations Convention To Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought And / Or Desertification, particularly In Africa (1994) International Plant Protection Convention International Convention for the Preservation of Pollution of the Sea by Oil Convention on the Continental Shelf Convention on the high seas International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil pollution Damage International Convention Relating to intervention on the high seas in cases of oil pollutions casualties The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from the ships (MARPOL)- 1973 Bio safety Protocol ( Cartagena) Stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Role of government By reasoning out the convention and protection of environmental issues it is the National governments who has important role in this context. Policy making to the powering agencies educating community many more activities lies on them.Internationaly most of the developing countries has imposed rules on clean environment. National government can impose rules policies while provincial authorities can practically implement the good environmental practices.International monitoring agencies also playing major role by funding environmentally sound projects. This has been the practice and it has been added to the accounting practices where feasibility reports are combine to a sustainability reporting. Environment protection is another important role where governments responsibility is to codify laws regarding pollution, convention and sustainable uses of natural resources. As the funding agent for low enforcement there role is immensely crucial. Though huge technical measures are been world spread on climate change global warming individual countries can contribute on their own to reduce the impact. Alternate energy generation projects are the new industrial practices which add numerous values to the enviromental issues. Now developing countries urge to buy carbon credits from poor countries where new economical intangible market has been created. This has lead to huge cash generation project, where timber plantation forestry cover of one acre would approximately generate US dollars 1000/ per year or so. Therefore ultimate governance lies on global interconnection of the countries. Developing risk management strategies are the other responsibility to a government where major natural disasters can be overcome by minimum damage to the community. Earth slides, floods, volcanoes, hurricanes other natural disasters can be estimated by professional bodies and necessary steps could be undertaken. As an example taking hurricanes : the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) The strongest hurricanes in the present climate may be upstaged by even more intense hurricanes over the next century as the earths climate is warmed by increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.USA is harshly criticized by the nations on emission of green house gases in the atmosphere. Common example is USA failed to respond to the Katrina Hurricane wrought on New Orleans: poor management plan for the natural disaster also illustrates the risk management strategies are very poor. Considering Sri Lanka though there were many issues facing and transforming after Tsunami disaster is some what appealing to the western world. By proper strategies imposed on natural disaster Sri Lanka too can win this unbeatable challenges within few years. Though we are blessed with the tropical climate our responsibility towards the environment is not linear. As an example compare to other countries we have comprehensive legal system on coastal zone management laws alone, to safe guard coastal resources. But the appreciable improvement has not bought due to lack of political will on taking effective mechanisms required for implementing and monitoring such laws. Sustainable Way Forward On the challenges Sri Lanks is facing through out there have been various community programs social activities going forward. While been a friend to the environment nation can be build in economically viable too. In the context of these ideas following programs has been imposed by the ministry of Environment. Pilisaru Waste Management programme Piyakaru Purawara Green Cities Programme Ran Derana Programme Gaja Mithuro Programme Wana Senasuna Programme Haritha Gammana Eco Village Programme Jeewa Jawaya Programme Dewa Jawaya Programme Haritha Niyamu Programme Hela Thuru Viyana Programme Major Policies Developed by the Ministry While urging towards the programs Sri Lankan government has imposed practical national policies aiming sustainability National Environment Policy 2003 This aims to promote sound management of Sri Lankas environment balancing the needs for social and economic development and environment reliability. It also aims to manage the environment by combining together the activities, interests and perspectives of stakeholders and to assure environmental accountability. National Forestry Policy 1995 This gives the clear direction to protect remaining natural forests of the country in order to conserve biodiversity, soil and water resources. The forests under the law enforcement of the Forest Department is being reclassified and placed under four management systems ranging from strict conservation, non-extractive use, management of multiple use forests for sustainable production of wood and management of forests with community participation. The National Policy on Wild Life Conservation 2000 The policy urge the commitment of the government to conserve wildlife resources through promoting conservation, maintaining ecological processes and life sustaining systems, managing genetic diversity and ensuring sustainable utilization and sharing of equitable benefits arising from biodiversity. It emphasis the need for effective protected area management with the participation of local communities. National Air Quality Management Policy 2000 The purpose of this policy is to maintain good air quality to reduce morbidity due to air pollution and in turn reduce national health expenditures. National Watershed Management Policy 2004 Policy aims to conserve, protect, rehabilitate, sustainably use and man ­age the watersheds while managing their environment characteristics with the involvement of people. Cleaner Production Policy 2004 The objective of this policy is to incorporate the cleaner production concept and practices into all development sectors of the country. To implement the policy sectoral policies were developed for health and tourism in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Tourism. National Biosafety Policy 2005 The policy on biosafety set the overall framework in which adequate safety measures will be developed and put into force to minimize possible risks to human health and the environment while extracting maximum benifits from any potential that modern bio technology may offer. National Air Quality Management Policy 2000 The purpose of this policy is to maintain good air quality to reduce morbidity due to air pollution and in turn reduce national health expenditures. National Policy on Wetlands 2005 This policy seeks to give effect to National Environment Policy and other relevant national policies, while respecting national commitments towards relevant international conventions, protocols, treaties and agreements to which Sri Lanka is a party. National Policy on Sand as a Resource for the Construction Industry 2006 This policy statement reflects Sri Lankas constitutional, international and national obligations, including the Mines and Minerals Act No. 33 of 1992, the National Environmental Act of 1980, the Coast Conservation Act of 1981 and other relevant legislation, regulations and policy statements. This dignifies the effectively manage sand resource on the construction and keeping a better reserve for future generations. National Policy on Elephant Conservation 2006 Widely knowing conflict of elephants enforced the government to implement this policy. This natural creature interconnected with Sri Lankas history, culture, religions, and even politics that it would be difficult to imagine the island without it. Therefore the present policy was developed to ensure the long-term survival of the elephant in the wild in Sri Lanka through the easing of the human-elephant conflict. National Policy on Solid Waste Management To handle the serious issue of solid waste management ministry recognized the need for a national approach to handle this. Therefore National policy on Solid Waste Management has been prepared to ensure economically feasible environmentally sound solid waste management for the country through provincial and local authorities. This policy focuses on areas to ensure environmental accountability and social responsibility of all waste generators, waste managers and service providers, to actively involve individuals and all institutions for sound solid waste management practices, to maximize resource recovery with a view to minimize the amount of waste for disposal and to minimize adverse environmental impacts due to waste disposal to ensure health and well being of the people and on ecosystems. Sri Lankan Implementing Agencies Department of Forest Conservation The Forest Department (FD) was established in 1887. Over the years many initiatives have been taken to minimize the rate of deforestation by effective application of the provisions in the Forest Ordinance. Department of Wildlife Conservation The Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWLC) was established in 1949 and entrusted with the overall conservation of fauna and flora of the country and the maintenance of its diversity. Central Environmental Authority The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) was established in August 1981 under the provisions of the National Environmental Act No. 47 of 1980, which was later amended in 1988 and 2000. Marine Pollution Prevention Authority Marine Pollution Prevention Authority contribute to protect the marine environment from ship based and shore based maritime related activity, to comply with International and national obligations by promulgation of laws and regulations. Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) Geological Survey and Mines Bureau (GSMB) was established in 1993. It is mainly involved in promoting the conservation and management of the mineral resources of the country. It seeks to ensure that the mineral potential is realized for the benefit of the country and the minerals are extracted in an efficient, safe and environmentally sound way. State Timber Corporation The State Timber Corporation was incorporated in 1968 under the provisions of State Industrial Corporation Act No. 49 of 1957 for the purpose of extracting timber from the forests, conversion of such timber into sawn timber and finished products, sale of logs, construction of forest roads, operation of timber and firewood sales depots, and manufacture and marketing of any by-products from timber. Sri Lanka Wildlife Trust (WT) The Wildlife Trust of Sri Lanka (WT) is registered as a charitable Trust, in 1991 under the Trust Ordinance No. 1552 and the Code of Intellectual Property Act No. 52 of 1979. Conclusion While laws policies imposed, Sri Lankan government is boosted on all the blooming programs. However common conflicts on human nature issues still and prevailing situation in most of the rural areas. What we can think after all the authorites acts imposed? Some of the other issues created by the Convention Protection of Natural forests in Sri Lanka due to poor fund requirements. Therefore government should please the international bodies agencies to gain aid for the environmentally sound projects. Normally it is a norm that Sri Lankan government will not enforce forest conservation if it didnt come under a condition of a grant. But Non government agencies also impact some of our natural genetic resources by way of many projects developments. Some countries are strict on most of there genetic materials and keep the biodiversity sites under military support. As an example The killing of two Indonesian tribals who tried to enter to COMODO National Park is a popular story to show how they treat the people in biologically valuable sites. But some of the their approach of removing people from the forest and buffer zones are not an applicable option for Sri Lanka. In they recent past it has been noticeable while the laws regulations there people will act on the same manner where there need filled. Governement t therefore can be a practical partner in all ends take part on the conservation protection the environment where immensely keep pressure on the authoriting agencies to inject the attitude to the people. As a country we have to have policies and laws to protect the alienation of forest resources to stop pirating the genetic material, plant serum, plant species or the traditional knowledge. Therefore government should ensure above main objectives before entering into any agreement. Sri Lanka has many more way towards a clean nation. By overcoming spreading challenges on environments Sri Lanka is no sooner be the South Asian Miracle.

Full Stop, Why Apes Look Like People And The Escape :: essays research papers

Examine each opening sentence carefully. To what degree does each sentence give a clue as to the story, which is to follow, and the use of language within it? Refer to the sentences of â€Å"Full Stop†, â€Å"Why Apes Look Like People† and â€Å"The Escape†. A captivating opening is half the success for any story. The opening may be descriptive, full of sarcasm, unusual or exciting. It is the same with the opening tune to a song. Besides memorable lyrics and a beautiful melody, the friendly tune to a song makes it an all-timer in people’s minds and charts. However, I have missed out one important essence: the opening sentence. Honestly, if not for this essay, I would never have thought that opening sentences could act as a theme, or bring with it much significance to the story. I always look at the opening of a story as a whole paragraph, thus overlooking the significance of the opening sentence. In the story, â€Å"The Escape† by Millie Murray, the use of punctuation is very important as it adds ‘emotions’ to the characters and readers alike. The exclamation marks used showed extreme anger as two were used. The readers are suddenly plunged into the angry and abusive world of Millie. We are like the children, forced to face the â€Å"unreasonable† father. If a full stop had been used, the father would seem friendly and cordial, which is far from his image. The scene is so real to the readers because the language adds realism to the story. â€Å"Who put de clock back, eh!!† The standard or Jamaican English gives us the picture that the father is not a native speaker of English but a Jamaican, providing a clue to his background and culture later on, as we know that â€Å"My (Millie) father had trained as a teacher in Jamaica† and that â€Å"he was part Arawak Indian†. The use of patois gives the readers a ‘closer-to-life’ experience. It helps to guide us into the story. This is sometimes far better that a descriptive paragraph. This opening line has been carefully crafted by the author as it suggests a clue to the plot. â€Å"Who put de clock back, eh!!†, putting the clock back was the ploy used by Patsy (the mother) to escape and go home to her mother in Jamaica. It was originally Miz Ruby’s idea who chuckled about it. (â€Å"Yu know de woman leave de man sleeping inna bed, an take time to ease herself out de house, an when him wake up inna morning an she gone, him tink she it early an go back fi sleep.

Analysis of Widower in the Country by Les Murray Essay

Les Murray’s poem ‘Widower in the Country’ highlights the painful effect of the death of a loved one. His tone in this poem is one of grief and loneliness, and through strong imagery and emotive language, the composer draws out empathy and interest from the reader. This poem describes how repetitive life becomes after someone very close to you passes away. The composer conveys a strong feeling of grief and pain in the poem. The composer creates an empathy towards the widower, by expressing just how lonely he feels after his wife had died, and he had to stay in the place that they had shared together. Through the use of multiple metaphors, â€Å"The Christmas paddocks aching in the heat/The windless trees, the nettles in the yard† , the composer builds a path into how the widower is ‘aching’ after the grief of losing his wife. ‘windless trees’ implies the feeling of death, as the trees have no leaves, whilst ‘nettles’ evokes the pain and burning he is feeling at this difficult time. The reader realises that this might be a difficult time for the widower, and empathises to attempt to feel what he feels. Les Murray creates an overall feeling of grief and loneliness throughout his poem. Murray clearly outlines just how much losing a loved one makes you suffer and hurt for a very long time. The poem is structured in a way that establishes the routine of morning, afternoon and evening that widows or widowers are forced through to change their everyday lives to suit after losing their partner. The composer uses enjambment and a metaphor to create this idea. â€Å"The roof reflects the sun and makes my eyes / Water and close on bright webbed visions smeared / On the dark of my thoughts to dance and fade away.† Murray makes it easy for the readers to relate to the text by creating a clear empathy for the grief and loss the widower is feeling in the poem. Some people can not regain the strength to lead a normal life after losing those dear to them. The poem reveals how monotonous life becomes after losing their partner. The widower lives day to day and tries to get through daily life without his partner, but finds that he suffers for it. People who live a monotonous life tend to keep to themselves and may come off as sharp, as they are so stuck to their routine so they don’t have to think about anything other than the work they have to do to avoid the prickly pain. The composer uses repetition â€Å"I’ll go,† to reinforce the monotonous, day to day life that widowers lead. â€Å"I’ll get up soon, and leave my bed unmade./I’ll go outside and split off kindling wood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  demonstrates the feeling of numbness that the widower feels, and the feeling that he doesn’t want to get out of bed and go and live his life, because he feels as though he can’t live it without his wife. This poem highlights how a widower leads his life after losing his wife. Murray demonstrates how people in outback Australia deal with loss. The widower is still trying to live through the grief, pain and torture that people suffer after losing their loved ones, and the composer creates a clear empathy towards the widower. The widower leads a monotonous life, and struggles to get through day to day life without his partner. The poem effectively demonstrates how a widower feels after losing their wife, through strong metaphors, emotive language and repetition.

Ravage and Ravish - Commonly Confused Words

Ravage and Ravish - Commonly Confused Words Although ravage and ravish come from the same word in Old French (ravirto seize or uproot), they have different meanings in modern English.The verb ravage means to ruin, devastate, or destroy. The noun ravage (often in the plural) means serious damage or destruction.The verb ravish means to seize, rape, carry away by force, or overwhelm with emotion. (The adjective ravishingwhich means  unusually attractive or pleasinghas a more positive connotation.) Examples One of the worlds last great rainforests was ravaged by loggers working for the President of Zimbabwe and his ruling clique.Floods, droughts, and severe storms are likely to ravage North America more frequently as emissions of planet-warming gases rise.Scotland Yard has launched a photo campaign to show the physical ravages caused by drug addiction.The English, we know, are malicious, megalomaniacal sadists intent on world domination. Given the chance, they would almost certainly ravish you, your wife or your sister. They might even eat your children.(Gareth McLean, The Guardian, July 9, 2003) Usage Notes The word ravish, now literary or archaic, should be avoided in nonfigurative contexts. The primary problem with ravish is that it has romantic connotations: it means not only to rape but also to fill with ecstasy or delight. The latter sense renders the word unfit for acting as a technical or legal equivalent of rape, The term describing the act should evoke outrage; it should not be a romantic abstraction, as ravish is.Still, the word ravishing ( captivating, enchanting) is generally considered a perfectly good and complimentary adjective.(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern American Usage, Oxford University Press, 2003)Both words refer to powerful and usually destructive forces. Ravage is used when destruction is spread over a wide area by war or other overwhelming forces: ravaged by inflation / tribal warfare / acid rain. Ravish typically has a human subject and object, and means seize, rape or somewhat paradoxically transport with delight. The two kinds of meaning have their respecti ve cliches in ravished virgins and ravished audiences, which are symptomatic of the fact that the word is usually euphemistic or hyperbolic.(Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage, Cambridge University Press, 2004) Practice Questions (a) The credit crunch continues to _____ overstretched banks. (b) According to Montaigne, poetry does not seek to persuade our judgment; it simply _____ and overwhelms it.(c) Over the centuries, much of Koreas historic architecture has suffered the _____ of war and fire. Answers to Practice Questions (a) The credit crunch continues to  ravage  overstretched banks.(b) According to Montaigne, poetry does not seek to persuade our judgment; it simply ravishes  and overwhelms it.(c) Over the centuries, much of Koreas historic architecture has suffered the  ravages  of war and fire.

Emergency Management at the Millennium

Emergency Management at the Millennium Introduction Information is an important resource because it facilitates informed decision-making. It is advisable for decision makers to seek for the necessary information prior to making any decision. The reason for this is to gather facts, analyze various dimensions of a situation, and make a sound decision. This work is a presentation of a case study on emergency management at the millennium. The city is experiencing a management problem in the information and technology department.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Emergency Management at the Millennium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is an increase in the load of information to be stored and processed due to the increase in the city’s total population. The information and technology management team has no appropriate managerial and technical skills to guide the department toward meeting the rising information needs. Issues to be discussed are t he organizational context of the case, the options available to the decision makers and the necessary ethical framework for decision-making. Organizational/ political context An organization is a group of individuals who have been brought together under a certain code of conduct and performance to work toward achieving a common goal. Every organization has a management team and a structure that indicates the chain of command. Each member of an organization is entitled to a role and authority to use the organization’s resources to facilitate task completion. The CIO is at the top of the organization structure meaning that s/he exercises all the powers and authorities of the department and controls the department’s resources toward ensuring that the organization’s goal- meeting information requirements and needs of various departments in the city- are met. It is important to note that the information technology department is an organization inside another organiza tion headed by the city manager. The city manager is responsible for the developmental needs of the city. Therefore, the complete organizational structure would be the City manager the CIO the staff. Whereby, a chain of command flows downward from the city manager (Rhodes, 2002). Options to the decision maker Beginning from the top, to ensure that the city’s development plans run according to the plan, the city manager could decide to disband the falling Information and technology department and allow all the other departments to establish their own in compliance with their needs. This decision would help reduce the amount of data to be stored and processed by each department. The second option is to fire the incumbent chief information officer and hire a new one. This option would help find the right manager with appropriate managerial and technical skills to deliver information needs of various users in the city. The third option would be to let the incumbent CIO to continu e serving but hire an assistant CIO with the requisite qualifications. The second decision maker would be the Chief information officer. He should create a working environment suitable for the staff members thus reduce employee turnover (Rhodes, 2002).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Framework for ethical decision-making While performing every duty or making an important decision, there are some guides and regulations or to be precise, codes of conduct that an individual is expected to display. The ethical framework proposed to guide the city manager when hiring a new chief information officer should be exercising impartial judgment based on professionalism and skills of the candidate and show no favoritism whatsoever, for a particular gender or race (Rhodes, 2002). Reference Rhodes, T. L. (2002). The public manager case book: Making decisions in a complex wor ld. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.